Apparatus for compressing



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

v J. L.LEW'IS, I APPARATUS FOR GOM PRESSING, SURFAGING, ANDSTRAIGH'I'ENING BARS, 6w. No. 290,077. I Patented Dec. 11,1883."

N. rnzna mom-Mr. wmml. mc.

" UN ED ST T P TENT OFFICE.

JOHN L. LEWIS, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING, SURFACING, AND STRAIGHTENING BARS, dc.

SPECIFTGATION forming; part of Letters l?atent No. 290,077, datedDecember 11,1883.

4 I Application filed November 27, 1882. (No model.)

Pittsburg, inthe'county of Allegheny and],

State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Apparatus E for Compressing, Surfacing, and1Straightening Iron andSteel Bars, Rods,'and Shafts; and: I do hereby declare that thefollowing is a full, 1 clear, and exact description of the invention, 1which will enable others skilled in the art to Whichjit appertainstomake and usethe same, f reference being had to the accompanying draw- 3-ings,: which form a part of this specification, in Which a Figure l isafront elevation of an apparatus designed to carryout my invention.

a side'elevation, and Fig. 3 a plan view, of

Fig. 2is

same. Fig. 4 is a detail section=ofpart of bodyand feed-roller shaftwith bearings.

In the manufacture of round shafts, :bars,

and rods of ironand steel by the usual rolling process, the structure ofthe finished product is found to be more or less imperfect byreason ofseams, which correspond with the layers of the pile from which it isrolled, also from being rough on the surface, andmore or less crookedthroughout. its entire length, so that if the bars are to be employedfor shafts,axles, and other uses with the surface finished, heavier icutting from the surface is thereby made necessary when turning to fitit for such use. Y

This is especially the: casein round barsof, say, two inches diameterand over.

ally more or less uneven surface, causes unequal contraction in theshafts or bars when.

so cooled, so that even if of reasonable straight ness when thus placed.for'cooling. they are drawn crooked by such inequality of contraction,and so remain.

Several perfecting'processes havebeen adapted to compensate for theforegoing defects of rolling and cooling iron and steel rounds. I By oneprocess the scale is removed after cooling,

and theshaftorbar subj ectedtolateralcompressionby repeated passesbetween grooved rolls, which finishes and polishes it, and practicallystraightens it. By another process, the shaft Further, the-usualpractice of cooling the rolled pro-= duct bylaying it on a cooling-floorof gener- I wardwhile it rotates. By a third process, the

shaft or rod,while still hot from the rolling,'.is

passed between three polishing-rolls, suitably turned, and placed insuch position relatively,

that, when the shaft or bar is passed between them -in a directionlengthwise with the rolls,

it will begivena rotating and forward mo- .tion, which straightens andpolishes it.

The objects of this invention are to obtain- -t-he tough: and.close-grained product of the hammer with the rapidity andease of therolling'process,*while preserving a uniformsection, and at the same timeto straighten the product. Furthenwhile effecting the :above objects, toremove the. scale and, produce a planished' surface similar to thatproduced by the hammer in the last stages of cooling.

Y My invention; accordingly consists in the combinations andarrangements of devices and mechanism hereinafter fully described andclaimed.

In the drawings, A designates the ta or dieblock,'ha'ving its faceconstructed to receive the lower die, a, whose face is concaved tonearly a semicircular groove. Bed A is set in a suitable foundation invorder to be iirn'n' A heavy shaft, B, crosses through and is' journaledin bed A, and at the respective sides thereof .has the collars G .0,each provided with a single worm-thread, b b, as shown, respectively.right and left handed. Outside each of the collars O O. the-shaft B isformed with the like eccentrics, d d,"whose rotationimpartsavertically-reciprocatingmotion tothe upper; die-block, D,whichzcarries a die,.a, similar to the lower die, as shown. Block D hason .each' side. a wrist,.e, correspondingin positionto the eccentrics dd. Four vertical slides, fire'tain the upper or movable die-block, D,inproper position for the vertical reciprocation which is imparted to itby the two pitmen -g g,attached,with the usual brasses, to the wrists ee and eccentrics d d, as shown. A fiy-wheel, H, is attached to theshaftat one end and a fast and loose pulley at the other,

"per die, a, always'moves'a definite distance,

and all its blows will reach downwardly to each side, the dies anddie-blocks are cut away precisely the same point. At the middle, on

partially, to afford room for the feed-rolls,whose office is to feed theround intermittently forward and spirally between the compressingstrokes of the upper die. These consist of the two grooved disks orrolls It on opposite sides and inclining in opposite directions. Theyare keyed on the respective shafts Z Z, which incline one forward andthe other backward of the main shaft B, and have keyed on their lowerends the respective wormgears m m, which mesh, respectively, with theworms 1) b on shaft B. By this peculiar mode of connect-ion the twofeed-rolls k k rotate in planes inclined to each other, and the groovedfaces of the rolls adjacent to the round under manipulation movein acommon direction. These rolls k k are adjusted so as to bear upon theround 5 with a degree of pressure sufficient to propel the round forwardwhen the dies a a are not in contact with it, and to slip on the roundwhen the dies are compressing it,while the angular setting of the rollsk k causes the the propelling movement to take a spiral direction ofvery low pitch.

To accommodate the various sizes of feedrollers which may be needed, Ijournal the shafts Z Z in universal boxes n n, just above theworm-wheels, the bearing being spherical, as in Fig. 4, and the boxcorresponding. The upper part of the shafts Z Z are similarly journaledin boxes 1) 1 but to accommodate the lateral play necessary, I set theboxes 1) p, respectively, on a pin, 1', which passes through a recess,8, in the bed A, and is secured or adjusted on the other side by a nut,t, a strong helical spring, '0, holding the pin 1' in any po sition itis adjusted to. The play thus needed for the adjustment of the shafts ZZ is not so noticeable as to affect the worm-wheels, as the latter arevery close to the fulcrums, which are at the center of the boxes n n,respectively, and, consequently, the adjustment of the rollers k k doesnot affect the gearing. The shaft or round 1', coming from the rolls, isfed at once into the grip of the rolls k k, the weight of the roundbeing sustained outside themachine on suitable rest rolls or wheels. Therollers k k at once begin to propel the round 1' forward. \Vhen die arises, the round i moves under it some little distance. Then die a comesdown and compresses the round. \Vhen the die next rises, the round ispartly rotated and simultaneously propelled forward a little, and whenthe die again comes down, it exerts its compressing effort in a newdirection on the round, the rolls k k meantime slipping on the round. Bythe time the round has passed through the machine the dies a a havecompressed it evenly in all directions, and different parts of the dieshave repeatedly. acted upon any given point of the round. The result isthat the round is compressed after the manner of hammering, it isstraightened, and has all the good qualities possessed by a hammeredshaft, while it lacks the disadvantage of hammer-marks, but, on thecontrary, is smooth throughout.

By dropping water on the round and the dies while operating, the scaleis removed, and the product emerges with the well-known blueblack glossysurface resulting from the plan ishing action of ahammer finely polishedby use. For a given diameter, such a shaft will have greater strengthand stiffness than an on dinary rolled shaft, being denser and finergrained, while it will be much more uniform in section, and, if desiredto be really perfect in section throughout, will require but a triflingcut to be taken in the lathe.

The machine operates rapidly,and will compress, planish, and straightena very long bar, shaft, or rod throughout before the temperature of thesame falls too low for the purpose.

I am aware that, broadly, the combination of angular propelling-rollersand compressing dies or hammers is not new; but I am not cognizant ofany machine of this character embodying a pair 'of dies or hammershaving their sides chambered, so that the feed-rollers project into suchchambered sides and alternately grip and slip upon the bar undertreatment at a point within the length of the operative limits of thedies. The result of this arrangement is that although the feed-rollers,when they slip, cause unsightly marks and unevenness in the bar undertreatment, the re mainiug portion of the die'surfaces acts upon suchmarks afterward, and the bar emerges smooth and finished.

I claim as my invention-- 1. In combination with. dies a a, the mainshaft A, having worms Z) I), worm-wheels m m, respectively meshing withsaid worms on opposite sides of said shaft, inclined shafts Z Z, andfeed-r0lls k k, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with two feed-rollers rotating in interceptingplanes, of two 1011- gitudinallygrooved compressing-dies having theirsides chambered to expose the sides of the die-grooves to the peripheryof the said feed-rollers projecting into said chambered sides, the saiddies extending forward and back of the point where the die-grooves areexposed to the feed-rollers, substantially as described.

3. The combination of shaft B, having worms 1) b, inclined shafts Z Z,worm-wheels m m, feed-rollers k 7;, and adjustable bearings 12 p, withthe dies a a, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixedmy signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN L. LEW'IS.

\Vitnesses:

.los. B. CONNOLLY, D. E. DAVIS.

